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After listening to Johnson’s explanation, can you describe how changing the pitch of your straw kazoo models the change in the sound you heard in the Villarrica volcano?.

Shorter straws can be expected to make a higher sound. Why do you think that happens? Longer straws produce a deeper sound, so you can expect to make a deeper sound. You might have noticed that as you make your straw shorter, the sound becomes higher-pitched than the sound you made when you first created your kazoo.

How might your straw kazoo help you understand the volcano sounds that Jeffery Johnson studies?.

How does the sound from your kazoo change as you shorten the straw?.

The sound will be more like a buzz.Īfter you master using your kazoo to make a sound, try cutting off length of the straw to change the sound or pitch.

Place the “V” shape end in your mouth and blow.

Open the flattened end – just a little bit.

Cut the flattened end to make a “V” shape (like a point to a pencil).

Place one end of the drinking straw in your mouth and bite down on it to flatten it.Please be careful to not cut yourself and don’t share used straws/kazoos with friends. You can model the up and down pattern of the sound that the volcano makes in the audible range by playing a kazoo made from a straw. Can you identify where the sound changes? Listen to the Villarrica volcano’s sound. This difference in the sound can tell us how soon the volcano might erupt or even whether a volcano is more active. The higher up in the volcano’s chamber the magma is, the higher-pitched the sound is, and the lower the magma in the chamber, the lower the sound. Instead, scientists are interested in the sound that comes from deep underground as the magma changes position before an eruption. But scientists don’t listen to the sounds you hear as a volcano is erupting. Infrasound is one type of data that can indicate that the volcano is becoming more active. It can be a useful tool to help gather information about when or if a volcano might erupt. Sound is important to the work of many volcanologists-scientists who study volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological phenomena. Note: As you move through this activity, there are different clips from Johnson’s interview with Science Friday. Let’s check in with Johnson for more information about the sounds of volcanos. Science Friday sat down with Jeffrey Johnson, an associate professor of geophysics at Boise State University to talk about what we can learn by listening to volcanos. Step 15Īs a finishing touch, select the “Bottom” layer and decrease the opacity to around 40% to make it look like a reflection.Quite a bit actually. Reposition the layer above the “Top” layer and go to Layer > Create Clipping Mask. Press Ctrl+J on your keyboard to duplicate the Gradient Fill layer. Then set the Style to “Linear”, the Angle to “0º” and click OK. In the Gradient Fill window, pick any gradient you want from the thumbnail dropdown. Be sure to check the “Use Previous Layer to Create Clipping Mask” option and click OK. Select the “Bottom” layer and go to Layer > New Fill Layer > Gradient. Reposition the “Top” layer to make both lines match in the middle as shown. With the “Top” layer selected, go to Edit > Transform > Flip Vertical.

Go to Image > Image Rotation > 90º Clockwise. Go to Filter > Wind (or press Alt+Ctrl+F on your keyboard) four times to apply the same Wind effect 4 more times. Set the Method to “Wind”, the Direction to be “From the left” and click OK. Step 3ĭraw a line from the top to the bottom and center it in the middle of the canvas. In the top toolbar be sure to have the Mode set to “Shape”, the Fill to “White” and the Weight to “1 px”. In this case I will set my canvas size to 1000 x 1500 (in a Vertical orientation, which later we will rotate). Open Photoshop and make a new file at any size you want, but set the Background color to Black.